ABSTRACT
This paper contributes to the Covid-19 literature by exploring the concept of post-traumatic growth (PTG) utilizing a mixed methods approach. The study examines to what extent the participants experienced positive growth and renewal arising from the prolonged period of lockdowns and emergency online learning. Exploring the experiences of 552 female undergraduate students in a private Saudi Arabian university, an online survey was utilized to gather the data. All the students had experienced online education as a result of the pandemic. The findings indicate the participants underwent a diversity of personal growth experiences. In addition, they also developed different coping mechanisms. The study provides insights into the responses of the students to the issues they were facing during the pandemic. It identifies ways in which participants experienced personal growth as well as a shift in perspective about their lives. There are implications for educators, counselors and policymakers emerging from this study. AD -, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ;, Netherlands ;, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Research that examines the construct validity of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has never been conducted. This study aimed to test the construct validity of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) on the five dimensions to see the consistency of the PTGI dimensionality structure. Data collection was carried out on 135 COVID-19 survivors, aged 18–40 in Indonesia. Analysis was carried out by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance (MI). The results of the analysis proved that PTGI is a measuring instrument that tends to be multidimensional and reliable to be used in Indonesia. All model fit indices met the parameters based on the values of SRMR (<.06), RMSEA (<.10), CFI (>.85), and TLI (>.85). Factor loadings ranged from 0.616 to 0.839 except for item 6 and item 9, which were below 0.6. These low loading factors in item 6 and item 9 were caused by the choice of translated words which tend to be less precise with the dimension being measured. Recommendations related to changes in translated words were explained further in the article as a follow-up to the adjustment of the item statement. Other factors such as personality characteristics, level of self-esteem, and social stigma were also found to be associated with the results of the analysis. MI testing showed that the PTGI model was not influenced by gender in the study sample group. © 2023, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), social support, and coping style of university student volunteers in the prevention and control of the coronavirus in 2020, a total of 2,990 university student volunteers (students who are enrolled in a university and involved in volunteer activities) from 20 universities in Sichuan Province participated in the prevention and control of the epidemic were investigated when March 20-31, 2020 when the coronavirus first occurred using the post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire, posttraumatic growth questionnaire, university student social support questionnaire and coping style questionnaire. The results showed that (1) 7.06% of university student volunteers had some degree of PTSD symptoms (the total PCL-C score was 38-49), and 2.88% had obvious PTSD symptoms, (2) PTSD level of university student volunteers was significantly positively correlated with negative coping style, and significantly negatively correlated with social support and positive coping style; on the contrary, the PTG level is significantly positively correlated with social support and positive coping styles, and (3) Positive coping style plays a partial mediating role in the influence of social support on PTG; in the influence of social support on PTSD, the mediating effect of positive or negative coping style was not significant. These results show that in the prevention and control of the coronavirus, the positive coping style and social support of university student volunteers can positively predict the PTG level of them, while the negative coping style can positively predict the severity of their PTSD symptoms. Among them, a positive coping style plays a partial mediating role in the influence of social support on the PTG level.
ABSTRACT
Introduction and aim. It is very important for nurses to experience post-traumatic growth in order to protect their mental health after traumatic events such as a pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the post traumatic growth status of infection control nurses, who play an important role in health services in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study was conducted with 170 infection control nurses working in infection control committees of hospitals in Turkey. "Nurse Descriptive Information Form” and "Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)” were used as data collection tools in this study. Results. As a result of this research, the mean PTGI total score of the infection control nurses was 70.73±23.03, and it was determined that they experienced moderate growth from the sub-dimensions of the scale. Also it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the changes in philosophy of life sub-dimension scores of PTGI according to the age and marital status of the nurses. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the total PTGI scores according to the year of working as an infection control nurse and the loss of a relative of the healthcare worker due to the COVID-19 disease. Conclusion. In this study, it can be said that infection control nurses experienced a moderate post-traumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, marital status, working year and loss of a healthcare worker friend during the pandemic period seem to affect nurses' post-traumatic growth. It is very important to determine the mental health of infection control nurses working on the front lines in the pandemic. © 2022 Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow. All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
Community support is an essential resource for psychological wellbeing among transgender and nonbinary communities. As the COVID-19 pandemic draws on, the role of community support in managing mental health concerns and the effects of structural inequity becomes increasingly important, yet few studies have focused on this dynamic. The present study examined how six transgender and nonbinary peer supporters understood the COVID-19 pandemic as a unique community crisis through their roles as helping professionals from a reflexive, thematic qualitative approach. The analysis resulted in 4 themes with 13 subthemes: (a) COVID pandemic as a trans-specific crisis;(b) shared membership;(c) healing role of community care;and (d) long-term impacts. Results show how transgender and nonbinary peer supporters undergo complex processes of vicarious traumatization and posttraumatic growth while engaging in peer support with community members, as well as how the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved as a crisis with unique implications for transgender and nonbinary groups. Findings provide evidence for the need to consider how post-traumatic sequelae develop in response to oppressive experiences, particularly that of gendered-racial marginalization within transgender and nonbinary communities of color, and how post-traumatic processes (i.e., responses to vicarious traumatization, post-traumatic growth) evolve among transgender and nonbinary communities. Implications on how to respond to community care and trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic within trans and nonbinary communities are provided: advocating for additional resources;building awareness around trauma processes;attending to clinical issues stemming from intersectional oppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study suggests that transgender and nonbinary individuals who provide emotional support for community members undergo processes of vicarious traumatization and post-traumatic growth. Additionally, the results highlight how the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved as a crisis with unique implications for transgender and nonbinary groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study compared the prevalence and psychosocial factors affecting posttraumatic growth (PTG), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychological distress in nurses, physicians, and medical students. Materials and Methods: In a cross‑sectional study, three groups of medical staff including nurses (n = 57), physicians (n = 40), and medical students (n = 34) who were responsible for the care/treatment of COVID‑19 patients admitted to a general hospital for 4 months responded to Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory‑18, Resilience Questionnaire, PTSD Screen, and Social Capital‑Integrated Questionnaire. Results: After the exposure of medical staff to at least 4 months of treatment/care of COVID‑19 patients, PTG prevalence was higher than PTSD (38.2% vs. 14.6%), but they experienced some degrees of psychological distress (65.5%). The nurses had 8.33 (confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–26.7) times higher PTG rate than medical students (P < 0.001). Physicists also experienced 5.00 (CI: 1.4–26.7) times higher PTG than medical students (P < 0.001). PTG was aided by age, married status, strong resilience, and high social capital, but gender had no influence. Resilience played an important protective role to prevent the incidence of psychological distress in nurses, medical students, and physicians. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the PTSD and psychological distress were same in the three groups of medical staff, the nurses had a greater rate of PTG than physicians and medical students. © 2023 Journal of Integrative Nursing ;Published by Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow.
ABSTRACT
Background: Contracting COVID-19 can cause negative and distressing psychological sequelae, but traumatic stressors may also facilitate the development of positive psychological change beyond an individual's previous level of adaptation, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). As a result, studies have investigated the negative effects of COVID-19 on mental health, but data on PTG among patients who have recovered from COVID-19 remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the level of PTG and its associations with stigma, psychological complications, and sociodemographic factors among COVID-19 patients 6 months post-hospitalization. Method: A cross-sectional online survey of 152 COVID-19 patients was conducted after 6 months of being discharged from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, MAEPS Quarantine Center, or Hospital Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. Patients completed a set of questionnaires on sociodemographic and clinical data. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) was used to assess the level of PTG, the Kessler Psychological Distress (K6) was used to measure the degree of psychological distress, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was used to evaluate the severity of anxiety symptoms, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the severity of depression symptoms, and the Explanatory Model Interview Catalog Stigma Scale (EMIC-SS) was used to record the degree of perceived stigma toward COVID-19. Results: The median PTGI SF score of the respondents was 40.0 (Interquartile range 16.0). Multivariable general linear model with bootstrapping (2,000 replications) revealed factors that significantly predicted PTG, which were at the higher level of the perceived stigma score, at 37 (B = 0.367, 95% CI = 0.041 to 0.691, p = 0.026), among the Malay ethnicity (B = 12.767, 95% CI 38 = 7.541 to 17.993, p < 0.001), retirees (B = -12.060, 95% CI = -21.310 to -2.811, p = 0.011), and those with a history of medical illness (B = 4.971, 95% CI = 0.096 to 9.845, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Experiencing stigma contributed to patients' PTG in addition to psychosocial factors such as ethnicity, history of medical illness, and retirement.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is considered a traumatic event. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of telehealth services offered at the Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine to health workers with presumed COVID-19 or close contact with a suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patient on pandemic management, vaccination, and psychological growth at one year after diagnosis.Material and Methods: The cohort study included 237 employees with COVID-19/risky contact who were monitored remotely via a telehealth service provided between April 6 and July 31, 2020. First, they were followed up for 21 days with the telehealth service. Second, they were invited by phone to complete an online questionnaire and 94 (39.7%) of them participated. The questionnaire included questions about pandemic-related difficulties experienced during the last year and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).Results: Of the 234 employees, 172 (73.5%) and 164 (70.1%) had the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, re spectively. Employees who did not need psychological support had significantly lower PTGI change in self-perception and total scores than those who did not/could not receive psychological support (p=0.007 and p=0.016, respectively). Employees who used personal protective equipment (PPE) more carefully had a significantly higher PTGI self-perception score (p=0.005), life philosophy (p=0.014), interpersonal relationships (p=0.011), and total score (p=0.004) than employees who reported that they did not change how they use PPE and were sometimes careless.Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that health workers are showing evidence of posttraumatic growth by seeing the positives as well as the negatives caused by the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Adapting by making meaning of adverse life situations such as unavoidable losses and other stressful events throughout life is crucial for people to maintain their physical and mental well-being. Holland et al. (2010, 2014) created and validated two versions -long and short- of a scale to assess the degree of adaptation of an individual to a loss or a stressful event. To adapt and validate the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale-Short Form (ISLES-SF) to Mexican Spanish, an instrumental study was carried out. In the exploratory factorial analysis, the sample consisted of 227 participants (M = 19.51, SD = 1.67) and in the confirmatory factorial analysis, 550 participated (M = 19.86, SD = 3.38). Each factorial analysis corroborated the bifactorial structure, with a good fit of the model, satisfactory internal reliability, and good construct and instrumental validity, like the original scale validations.
ABSTRACT
Resilience is an evergreen topic of interest. People are naturally drawn to information on how to improve self-care, create a richer circle of friends, develop and maintain a healthy perspective, and—especially now—the importance of seeing "alone time” not simply as forced isolation but a venue for new personality development. Such areas aid self-awareness and understanding as well as improve our emotional intellect so we don't react but instead pause to reflect and process life as it unfolds. The original edition of Bounce addressed these areas, and much of what was contained in the book is still current and applicable. But then the appearance of Covid-19, intense political strife, and increased divisiveness within countries, families, communities, and even faith traditions occurred. Greeting, successfully adjusting to, and even benefiting from such unexpected and broad-reaching change, challenges, and stress is of even greater import now. In addition, styles of living which were taken for granted—that is, adults go out to work and children are educated in an actual classroom—were also radically impacted. As a result, adults were also expected to deal with the questions raised by the young about their own security and hoped-for normalcy. With updated information and a new chapter on posttraumatic growth, the second edition of Bounce is designed to enhance the search for balance and new meaning-making by enabling a better understanding of both chronic and acute stress, creating and tailoring your own self-care protocol, and knowing how to better debrief yourself after an intense day. © Oxford University Press 2023. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) declared in March 2020 has created unprecedented challenges for healthcare professionals and organizations. A significant impact has been physical and psychological stress on nurses working in acute care environments. Stress-related growth may occur concurrently with the experience of negative psychological responses as another facet of coping and adjustment to the stressful event. The primary aim of this study was to describe the degree to which nurses reported stress, anxiety, and stress-related growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses the study methods, which included a cross-sectional design with an online survey sent to nurses in a hospital system. Results demonstrated that, of the 1,009 participants in the final analysis, almost 70% reported anxiety symptoms, with 38% having scores at the moderate or severe level. Growth scores were low. Our discussion considers cultural implications of the findings and implications for practice that underscore the need for proactive interventions to mitigate the psychological burden of the pandemic on nurses and the need to implement routine screening of nurses for anxiety. © 2023.
ABSTRACT
As societies worldwide continue to navigate and recover from the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, the world is at a unique crossroads. How can leaders in higher education institutions (HEIs) prioritize holistic human needs and maximize interpersonal and collegial human connection, while continuing to guide and grow successful learning communities both inperson and virtually? With potential costs and benefits in mind, pertinent literature is reviewed, and the limitations and silver linings presented by the ongoing pandemic are explored. Different forms of grief and loss experienced by faculty and students as well as the effects of technostress amid this time of change are also recognized. Concepts and practices introduced by prominent humanistic thought-leaders are discussed as a way to navigate the educational impacts created by the pandemic. A key finding presented is that leaders and HEIs that prioritize human connections and relationships, in concert with adopting technological advancements, are better equipped to maintain personal well-being while enhancing academic success in the long term. By fostering learning environments based on psychological safety, compassion, autonomy, and adaptability, humanistic leaders contribute to the betterment of HEIs as a whole. To this end, the enduring legacy of humanistic leadership is pivotal in this new era of global and individual humanistic transformation amid change. © 2023 by Angela Lehr and Susie Vaughan.
ABSTRACT
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental diagnosis following trauma, included in modern psychiatric manuals only in 1980 and studied thoroughly among civilians during the last 20 years. Persistent war and terror, the current wave of refugees in the world, and COVID-19 pandemic—all emphasize the importance of identification, treatment, and prevention of PTSD. Recent findings among trauma survivors depict an encouraging common outcome of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resilience. Current research is aimed at finding better methods to promote these outcomes. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Youth who experience premature death of a parent are positioned to experience an increase of concerning vulnerabilities than non-bereaved counterparts and the rate of parentally bereaved children has been elevated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative strength-and U.S.-based investigations that examine present day parentally bereaved children are scarce and no identified studies consider professional insights of mental health clinicians that work with parentally bereaved youth in the country. In this study a qualitative phenomenological research design was used to obtain participant's experiences and insights on resiliency and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Licensed mental health professionals participated in semi-structured interviews and had three to 12 years of experience working with children bereaved by parental death. A deductive approach using predetermined resiliency and PTG theory-based categories was used to analyze the data. Five positive themes of resiliency, five hindering influences on resiliency, and three themes of PTG were concluded. Clinical implications support current research on resiliency and childhood grief. Major implications include grief literacy among the child's system and the role of the family. Implications of PTG include the five domains used to measure PTG, connection to peers and adults, grief education, and acknowledgement of the death. Additional implications suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic yields both positive and hindering influences on parentally bereaved child. Future research should consider the preliminary notions that arose from this study. These include research on disenfranchised grief and caregiver bereaved youth during the current health pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The aftermath of a trauma may be commonly associated with negative outcomes;however, these experiences can also lead to positive personal changes, including posttraumatic growth (PTG). Little research has explored PTG in relation to chronic or vicarious trauma, nor with regard to the social context. The current study investigated the role of perceived social support in moderating psychological distress and PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional data were collected online using CloudResearch from 296 adults residing in the United States of America during August 2020. A strong positive relationship was found between impact of trauma and PTG (r = .54;p < .001). Moderated multiple regression indicated psychological distress, perceived social support, age, gender, ethnicity, and education accounted for 39% of the variance in PTG;however, a significant positive relationship was only found between social support and PTG. The interaction between social support and psychological distress was significant (p = .021), with slope indicating the relationship between distress and PTG is strengthened with increasing social support. Contrary to expectations, this study found a significant relationship existed between PTG and perceived support from friends (beta = .23;p = .001) and family (beta = .14, p = .044), but not significant others. Age also predicted PTG, suggesting younger people may experience higher growth, and significant mean differences were found between Caucasian and African American participants who reported higher levels of PTG. These findings have potential implications for improving mental health outcomes during this challenging and novel period of our history. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to test a regression model of event centrality and contingencies of self-worth as predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG), drawing from Constructivist Self Development Theory (CSDT;Saakvitne et al., 1998). In order to participate in the study, participants had to experience at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) and had to be 18 years or older. Individuals who experienced sexual abuse before 18 years old were excluded from the study to prevent significant discomfort to these individuals (Mersky et al., 2019). Due to conducting the study during a global pandemic, COVID-19 questions were included in the study and used in the correlations, regression model, and post-hoc analyses. Significant results included event centrality and God's love were positively correlated with PTG. Other contingencies of self-worth were not significantly correlated with PTG. Two demographic variables (marital status and education level) were significantly correlated with PTG and used as covariates in the regression model. One result indicated COVID-19 impacting participant's answers was significantly correlated with PTG, and thus, this also was used as a covariate in the regression model. Event centrality and God's love were found to significantly predict PTG in a sequential multiple regression. Post-hoc analyses suggested ACEs affected participants' coping skills during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in self-worth occurred as a result of the pandemic, and participants made meaning of their traumatic experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented global challenge in the disruption, uncertainty, and psychological distress it has unleashed on society, with mounting concern regarding mental health and wellbeing. Children and adolescents represent a particularly vulnerable group, as they were forced to navigate the sudden disruption of school and transition to virtual learning, facing months of quarantine, and increases in financial hardships. Given the strong associations between stress and the onset of adolescent emotional difficulties, research examining adolescents' perceptions of the psychological effects of the pandemic is of critical importance and is a focus of the current study. The present study utilized data from a sample of 277 middle-school adolescents in a Modern Orthodox Jewish day school who had resumed in-person schooling after having been schooled remotely during the first surge of the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and adolescent psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction. Additionally, the study examined the roles of hope and spirituality as potential protective factors for psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, resilience, and post-traumatic growth. Bivariate correlations revealed that those who were more impacted by COVID-19 showed significantly higher levels of post-traumatic growth, but lower life satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. Higher levels of hope and spirituality were associated with enhanced life satisfaction, psychological wellbeing, resilience, and post-traumatic growth. The interaction of psychological impact with both hope and spirituality on resilience was also significant, but post-hoc analyses did not follow predicted patterns. Psychological impact tended to be more negatively related to resilience when students had higher levels of hope and spirituality. The current study presented a unique research opportunity to gain insight into the perceived impact of the pandemic on adolescents in Jewish day schools and examine the role of hope and spirituality in relation to adolescent adjustment. The study's findings suggest a need to monitor adolescent mental health closely in the wake of the pandemic and introduce and integrate appropriate interventions within education to support and strengthen adolescent wellbeing and promote thriving. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The current study focuses on a sample of low- to middle-income school-age Latina girls and their parents and examines how children's distress proneness interacts with parental empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to predict children's empathy and prosocial behavior toward unknown others. Approximately 2-3 months into state-mandated stay-at-home orders, 55 parent-daughter dyads were recruited to participate in this four-session longitudinal study. To assess distress proneness, daughters (ages 8-13 years, 100% Latina) identified their degree of distress in response to pandemic-related stressors. Concurrently, their parents reported how they thought their children would respond to these same pandemic-related stressors, which assessed parental empathic accuracy. Parents also completed an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which assessed perceived positive outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon study completion, a behavioral measure of children's empathic and prosocial behaviors was collected. Parental empathic accuracy interacted with children's distress proneness to positively predict children's affective empathy, such that children's distress proneness predicted affective empathy at high and mean, but not low, levels of parental empathic accuracy. In a separate analysis, parental posttraumatic growth interacted with children's distress proneness to positively predict children's altruistic sharing behavior, such that children's distress proneness predicted altruistic sharing behavior only at high, but not mean or low, levels of parental posttraumatic growth. The results of this study highlight how positive parental socialization and understanding of children's tendencies toward distress are associated with children's empathic and prosocial behaviors, particularly during major global crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
The importance of teacher mental health as a critical focus of educational research and school improvement efforts has taken on additional urgency due to the long-term and sustained impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schools and teachers. It is critical that research efforts explore the impact of COVID-19 on teachers and what is needed to function and grow in the face of unprecedented challenges. This mixed methods study explored the experiences of teachers in response to the trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic, seeking to understand the factors that teachers attributed to influencing their quality of mental health and posttraumatic growth. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined to give a representation of a picture of trauma responses and growth outcomes among teachers. Mental health symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and posttraumatic growth outcomes, and the relationship between teachers' mental health and posttraumatic growth experiences in response to COVID-19 were examined among elementary and high school teachers. Significant differences in mental health symptoms were identified between female and male. Significant positive correlations were discovered between symptoms of depression and stress and posttraumatic growth. Interviews were conducted in the qualitative phase to further explore the mental health and posttraumatic growth experiences of the teachers, including the factors teachers associated with mental health and growth outcomes revealed in six essential themes: loss and gain, personality, conflicted concern, relationships, self-efficacy, and role and purpose. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data revealed teachers' experience of COVID-19 as a lived paradox, including a struggle with loss and gain, personality and experience, relationships and isolation, relief and concern, strength and weakness, and role and purpose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
This study seeks to expand previous research by examining (a) the prevalence rates of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its potential predictors (posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], perceived stress, adaptive coping strategies, social support) during the first and second lockdown in the general population of Greece, and (b) the mediating role of the stress indicators (PTSS/perceived stress) in the relationship between positive reframing and PTG. A sample of 1,361 participants (1.009 in the first lockdown and 352 in the second lockdown) completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). Moderate levels of PTG were found during both lockdowns. PTG did not significantly increase during the second lockdown. PTG was associated with PTSS during the first lockdown and with perceived stress during the second one;these two stress indicators partially mediated the positive reframing-PTG relationship in the first and second lockdown, respectively. Both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies predicted PTG during the first lockdown, whereas only adaptive coping strategies predicted PTG during the second lockdown. Perceived social support, emotional during the first lockdown and instrumental during the second one, predicted PTG during the two lockdowns, respectively. The results of this study may enhance our understanding of PTG and its predictor to inform the design of interventions moving beyond growth cognitions into growth actions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)